This material was prepared to train technicians for a science project. Male astronauts and colonists will probably be at least temporarily sterile by the time they get to Mars, due to interplanetary radiation. Further study is required in this area. So the focus here is on the male reproductive system and the biochemical and molecular biological effects of radiation on testicles. My intent was to produce short readable articles that present key concepts relevant to the project. I hope they may provide interesting new or review information to some readers.
September 2024, Jerry L Starr MS Health Physics